Recursion
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Understanding stack overflow
We know that every function call creates a new stack frame, and these frames continue to accumulate as functions call other functions. Since a process is allocated only a limited amount of stack memory, this space can eventually be exhausted. Stack overflow occurs when the program attempts to use more stack space than the operating system has allocated.
A stack overflow is one of the most common runtime failures in programs involving recursion or large automatic variables (local variables created automatically when a function is called and freed when it returns). Understanding how stack growth works is essential for writing safe and memory-efficient code, especially when designing algorithms that involve deep computation or recursive logic.
Stack overflow can occur in several situations, most commonly due to uncontrolled recursion, deeply nested function calls, or excessive memory allocation within functions. In each of these cases, stack frames accumulate faster than they can be released, eventually pushing the stack past its upper limit.
Nested function calls
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